Psychedelic Drugs: Understanding Their Effects and Side Effects

Common Types of Psychedelic Drugs 

Psychedelic drugs come in different forms with diverse properties and effects on the mind and body. From naturally occurring substances to be used in traditional ceremonies to synthetically crafted compounds, the substances come in diverse origins and applications. Some of the most common types of psychedelic drugs are 

Acid (LSD) 

LSD is a potent hallucinogen that can induce visual distortions and altered thought processes. Commonly referred to as "acid," it was popularised in the 1960s and remains one of the most studied psychedelics. 

Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) 

Nicknamed "spirit molecule" or "Dimitri", DMT is a powerful psychedelic found in plants such as Psychotria viridis. It is known for its intense, short-lived effects and its role in ayahuasca ceremonies. 

Mescaline 

Derived from the peyote cactus, mescaline induces vivid visual hallucinations and has been used for thousands of years in shamanic ceremonies among Native American tribes. 

Ololiuqui 

Ololiuqui are seeds from some species of the morning glory plant. These were traditionally used by Aztec priests for divination. They contain ergine, a compound structurally related to LSD. 

Psilocybin 

Psilocybin is a hallucinogenic substance found in various mushroom species. This particular mushroom is said to provide intensified introspection and trigger mystical experiences. 

Ecstasy 

While MDMA, or Ecstasy, is mostly known as a stimulant, it does have mild hallucinogenic effects. It is usually associated with feelings of empathy and emotional connection. 

Synthetic Psychedelics 

These are man-made substances like 2C-B and NBOMe. These mimic the effects of natural psychedelics but have unpredictable risks because they are new and their potency varies. 

How Do Psychedelic Drugs Work? 

Psychedelics create their mind-altering effects by changing the chemistry in the brain, as well as its sensory systems. Since they affect neural pathways associated with perception, they change people's perception of and experience of reality, including unlocking vivid sensations and altered consciousness. Here is a closer look. 

Interaction with Brain Receptors and Neurotransmitters 

Psychedelics function mainly by affecting serotonin receptors in the brain, particularly through the 5-HT2A receptor that is responsible for mood, perception, and cognition. By disturbing the normal pathways of neurons, these psychedelic drugs effects induce altered consciousness. 

Hallucinogenic Properties and Sensory Effects 

Psychedelics heighten sensory perceptions whereby colours appear more vivid, noises crisper, and patterns richer. Such effects can, however, often lead to major, even spiritual insights, although sometimes they result in loss of orientation. 

The Effects of Psychedelic Drugs 

The impact of psychedelic drugs will depend upon factors like dosages and an individual's biological response. Everyone's body acts differently towards the chemicals; therefore, different effects of intensity levels. People might experience altogether different effects, even on the same dosages, based on their body's response and tolerance. 

Psychological Effects: Altered Perception and Mood 

Users frequently express sensations of profound reflection, exhilaration, or closeness. These psychedelic drugs' effects can differ, too, with some people reporting anxiety or paranoia- a phenomenon known as a "bad trip." 

Physical Effects: Heart Rate, Temperature, and Sensory Changes 

Physical effects may include increased heart rate, elevated body temperature, and nausea. Sensory changes often enhance the overall psychedelic drug effects but can also cause discomfort. 

Therapeutic Uses and Research on Psychedelics 

Apart from its negative effect on individuals' well-being, emerging research indicates that psychedelics like psilocybin and MDMA show promise in treating depression, post-traumatic disorders (PTSD), and anxiety, particularly when used in controlled settings. 

Tolerance and Addiction to Psychedelic Drugs 

Unlike addictive substances like opioids, psychedelics generally have low addiction potential. However, regular use can lead to tolerance, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effect, which increases the risk of adverse reactions. 

Some countries, such as Australia, prescribe psychedelic drugs to treat mental health issues such as PTSD or depression. Still, even with a prescription, the substance's misuse or dependency is at a high risk if taken outside medical supervision. 

Side Effects of Psychedelic Drugs 

Psychedelic drugs can have a severe effect on an individual's overall wellness. It can be long-term and short-term, too. Understanding the nature of these drugs helps in preventing addiction or misuse.   

Short-Term Side Effects of Psychedelic Drugs 

Common short-term side effects include 

• Anxiety and increased heart rate 

• Nausea and vomiting  

• Increased body temperature and excessive sweating 

• Confusion 

• Inability to sleep  

Such effects can be exaggerated in unknown or dangerous surroundings. 

Long-Term Side Effects of Psychedelic Drugs 

Common long-term side effects include 

• Persistent psychosis or hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) 

• Increased risk of depression and anxiety  

• Memory difficulty and decision-making 

• Lack of concentration  

Potential Risks and Dangers of Psychedelic Drug Use 

While psychedelic drugs may be therapeutically useful, they are associated with significant risks and dangers. Some of the main concerns include: 

• Psychological distress, including anxiety or paranoia 

• Impaired judgment, which may lead to risky behaviours or accidents 

• Risk of unsafe environments in which the drugs are used 

• Worsening of pre-existing mental health conditions 

• Long-term psychological effects, including anxiety or even paranoia in susceptible individuals 

• Unpredictable experience, which can make them panic or behave in harmful ways 

• Using drugs that are either uncontrolled or contaminated carries a higher risk of causing toxicity or bodily injury. 

The Legal Status of Psychedelic Drugs Around the World 

The debate on the legalisation of psychedelic drugs is still ongoing. Although these substances could be helpful as medicine, they have potential addiction risks if not used in control because of the very intense effects they have on the brain. Proper regulation and oversight should be put in place to eliminate such dangers. 

Countries Where Psychedelics Are Legal or Decriminalised 

Legal status differs significantly among various countries regarding psychedelic drugs. Some nations allow use only for medicinal purposes, while others have completely legalised it for general use. 

Countries like Brazil, Poland, the Netherlands, Bolivia, and Jamaica have legalised psychedelics, while Italy, Colombia, Spain, Argentina, the Czech Republic, and Portugal have decriminalised their use. Meanwhile, in countries like Canada, Australia, Denmark, Israel, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, psychedelic drugs have been legalised for medical use only. 

The Future of Psychedelic Therapy and Regulation 

As research continues, it is possible that psychedelics will become a cornerstone of psychiatric treatment. Regulatory changes may allow their safer, supervised use. Currently, the growing body of evidence supporting their therapeutic utility for depression, PTSD, and anxiety is encouraging and may lead to clinical utilisation.  

If regulations evolve such that clinical use is allowed, psychedelics may be incorporated into mainstream mental health care. This may revolutionise treatment paradigms and afford new hope for those struggling with these challenges.  

Navigating the Risks and Benefits of Psychedelics with Anunitha 

We know how complicated the use of psychedelics is at Cadabam's Anunitha. We have mental health professionals ready to support you or a loved one in working through the effects or aftermath of psychedelics. Focusing on empathy and comprehensive care, we guide individuals with evidence-based practice that ensures safety and well-being. 

Psychedelic drugs are a double-edged sword, holding immense potential along with significant risks. Only understanding their effects and the responsible decision-making process could really help in harnessing benefits from them. 

If you are searching for a solution to your problem, Cadabams Anunitha’s De-Addiction Centre can help you with its team of specialised experts. We have been helping thousands of people live healthier and happier lives for 30+ years. We leverage evidence-based approaches and holistic treatment methods to help individuals effectively with Drug Addiction. Get in touch with us today. You can call us at +91 96111 94949.

FAQs

What are the positive effects of psychedelics? 

Psychedelics can improve emotional well-being, increase introspection, and offer therapeutic benefits for mental health conditions such as depression, PTSD, and anxiety. They may facilitate personal growth, offer great spiritual experiences, and improve emotional resilience when used under supervision. 

What drugs are used in psychedelic therapy? 

Common drugs used in psychedelic therapy include psilocybin, which is found in magic mushrooms, MDMA or Ecstasy, ayahuasca, and LSD. These substances are researched for their ability to treat conditions such as PTSD, depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders when taken in controlled environments. 

What is the difference between psychotropic and psychedelic drugs? 

Psychotropic drugs impact mood, perception, and the state of mind. Antidepressants and antipsychotics are examples of psychotropics. Psychedelic drugs, a subclass of psychotropics, bring about altered sensory experience, perception, and consciousness that typically manifest as hallucinations or profound states of introspection. 

What is the purpose of psychedelics? 

The main use of psychedelics is to manipulate consciousness, perception, and cognition, which may or may not lead to insightful, spiritual, or therapeutic effects. They are used in controlled situations to study their use as treatments for mental health disorders or to foster personal development.